Payroll & EOR Glossary

Plain-English definitions for the 83 terms global payroll and EOR buyers actually run into. Built for People Ops, Finance, and Talent leaders who need a precise answer, not a textbook. Search by term, filter by region or topic, or browse A to Z.

83 terms definedWhichapp Editorial

Plain-English definitions for the 83 terms global payroll and EOR buyers actually run into. Built for People Ops, Finance, and Talent leaders who need a precise answer, not a textbook. Search by term, filter by region or topic, or browse A to Z.

83 terms shown

A 6

A1 Certificate in EU Global Mobility

EU portable document under Regulation 883/2004 Articles 12 and 13 that proves a posted or multi-state worker remains insured under their home-country social-security scheme, blocking double contributions in...

ABC Test in US Contractor Classification

Three-prong statutory contractor classification test used in California, Massachusetts, New Jersey, Illinois, Connecticut, and Indiana that places the burden of proof on the engager for all three prongs...

Agent of Record (AOR) in Contractor Management

Third-party administrator that hires or pays a buyer's independent contractors on the buyer's behalf, collecting W-9 documentation, routing payments, holding engagement records, and filing 1099-NEC at year-end.

Annual Leave Accrual in Global Payroll

The running accumulation of an employee's paid time off entitlement, calculated per pay period or month, recognised as a balance-sheet liability until the worker takes the leave or...

C 8

Common Law Test in US Worker Classification

US federal classification test under IRS rules that distinguishes employees from independent contractors based on behavioral control, financial control, and the relationship of the parties.

Contractor Management in Global Hiring

Umbrella category of software and services covering independent contractor engagement, classification, contracting, invoicing, payment processing, statutory tax filings, and audit-defence support.

Contractor of Record (CoR) in Global Hiring

Third-party intermediary that engages independent contractors on a buyer's behalf, handling contracting, invoicing, payment processing, statutory filings (1099 in the US, IR35 SDS in the UK), and absorbing...

Cross-Border Payments in Global Payroll

Financial transactions that move funds between parties in different countries through correspondent banking, SWIFT, SEPA, or non-bank payment institution rails, subject to overlapping regulatory frameworks covering anti-money laundering...

What is a Certificate of Coverage? US Social Security

Official document issued by an employee's home-country social-security authority that proves they remain covered there during a foreign assignment, exempting the employer and employee from paying social-security contributions...

What Is CIS? UK Construction Industry Scheme

HMRC tax-deduction regime under which UK construction contractors deduct tax from payments to subcontractors at 20% for verified subcontractors or 30% for unverified ones, then remit the deductions...

E 10

Employer Contributions in Global Payroll

Mandatory payments the legal employer must make to government authorities on behalf of each worker, covering social security, healthcare, pension, unemployment insurance, and statutory benefit schemes.

End-of-Service Gratuity in GCC Payroll

Mandatory lump-sum termination payment owed to private-sector employees across the GCC, accruing from day one against basic salary and sitting on the employer balance sheet as a multi-year...

EOR Deposit in Global Hiring Contracts

Refundable security funding the buyer wires to the employer of record at contract start to cover potential outstanding liabilities including termination pay, accrued leave, end-of-service gratuity, and statutory...

EU Platform Work Directive in Practice

EU Directive 2024/2831 setting employment-status presumption rules and algorithmic-management transparency requirements for digital labour platforms operating in the European Union.

F 3

FX Spread in Cross-Border Payroll

Markup an EOR, global payroll provider, or bank applies above the interbank mid-market exchange rate when converting one currency into another for cross-border payroll.

G 6

Global Mobility in Cross-Border Payroll

Legal, tax, and operational discipline governing when, where, and how employees can work across borders without creating permanent-establishment, payroll-tax, employment-law, or immigration exposure for their employer.

Gross-to-Net Payroll in Global Payroll

Gross-to-net payroll is the calculation chain that converts an employee's gross salary into take-home net pay after statutory deductions, voluntary deductions, benefit-in-kind adjustments, and country-specific payroll rules.

I 6

Indefinite Contract in Global Payroll

Employment contract with no specified end date that vests the full statutory employment protection of the country where the worker performs the work.

INPS in Italian Payroll Compliance

Italian national social security institute that collects mandatory employer and employee contributions through monthly UniEmens filings and F24 payments, administers pensions, sickness, maternity, unemployment, and family allowances, and...

L 2

M 3

Misclassification Audit in Global Payroll

Formal investigation by a tax or labour authority into whether workers engaged as independent contractors are factually employees, triggering retroactive employment-tax assessments, social-security contributions, civil penalties, and in...

Multi-Country Payroll in Global Hiring

Operational function of paying employees across multiple jurisdictions through the employer's owned entities, with a single reporting layer Finance can close the books against.

N 3

Notice Period in Global Employment

Contractual or statutory window between the termination announcement and the employment end date, varying sharply by country, tenure, and termination cause.

O 2

P 13

Payroll Funding Window in Global Payroll

Number of days an employer of record or global payroll provider requires the client to wire payroll funds in advance of the employee pay date, locking working capital...

Payroll Outsourcing Service Tiers

Umbrella service category covering the spectrum from single-country payroll bureau ($5-$20 per worker per month) through managed payroll, multi-country payroll, and full Employer of Record ($199-$750).

Payroll Reconciliation in Global Payroll

Variance-tracking process that matches the payroll engine's gross-to-net calculation against bank disbursement records, HRIS employee data, and general-ledger postings.

Posted Worker Directive in EU Global Mobility

EU framework (Directive 96/71/EC plus 2018/957/EU revision and 2014/67/EU enforcement) requiring posted employees to receive host-country minimum employment terms (pay, working time, leave, health and safety) from day...

R 2

S 9

Secondment in Cross-Border Employment

Temporary assignment of an employee from one entity (home) to another (host), retaining the original employment relationship while the employee performs work in a different country or business...

Severance Pay in Global Employment

Statutory or contractual payment owed to an employee on termination, calculated from tenure, last salary, and the reason for termination.

Shadow Payroll in Global Mobility

Compliance mechanism that calculates and remits host-country tax and social-security obligations for an internationally mobile worker without delivering additional net pay.

Single Touch Payroll (STP) in Australian Payroll

Single Touch Payroll (STP) is the Australian Taxation Office regime requiring employers to report payroll data (gross wages, PAYG withholding, superannuation accrued, allowances, deductions) to the ATO every...

T 2

U 3

UAE WPS in Global Payroll

Mandatory electronic payroll-routing system in the United Arab Emirates that delivers private-sector worker wages through Central Bank-licensed agents under MOHRE supervision, with a standardised Salary Information File submitted...

URSSAF in French Payroll Compliance

French social-security collection agency that gathers employer and employee contributions, runs the DSN monthly return pipeline, audits non-resident employers, and enforces the travail dissimulé concealment-of-work regime under the...

W 3

W-2 vs 1099 in US Payroll Classification

US worker-classification split between W-2 employee status (employer-paid FICA, FUTA, statutory benefits, tax withholding) and 1099 independent contractor status (self-employed, responsible for SECA self-employment tax).

Work Permit Sponsorship for Global Hires

Formal employer-led process by which a licensed sponsoring entity petitions a national immigration authority for a work permit or work visa for a foreign national, accepting compliance, reporting...

Z 1

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